THE FOREST ABOVE

REORGANIZING INFRASTRUCTURE, ECOLOGY, AND URBAN FLOWS INTO AN ELEVATED PUBLIC GROUND

URBAN SYSTEMS & CIVIC INTELLIGENCE

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN & SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN & SYSTEM

GENERATIVE SPATIAL STRATEGIES

GENERATIVE SPATIAL STRATEGIES

Institution

Columbia Universtiy GSAPP

Location

New York, NY

Date

2026

Role

Site Survey, Concept Design, Master Plan, Generative Logic Development, Voronoi System, Data Management System, Parametric Modeling, Automated Landscape Modeling, Column System Design, Energy Infrastructure (TEG and Gravity Battery), Carbon Calculation, Delivery Hub Design, Existing Tower Retrofit Strategy, Section and Site Plan Drawing, Hybrid Rendering, Diagram Creation

Original Exhibition Team

Original Exhibition Credits

Post-Exhibition Development

Acknowledgments

Infrastructure as Civic Ground, Not Barrier

Developed within Galia Solomonoff's Layered Urbanism: GWBBS / ARAUCO Advanced Studio VI, the project transforms the George Washington Bridge Bus Station — Pier Luigi Nervi's 1963 work at the eastern landing of the bridge in Upper Manhattan — and its surrounding infrastructure from a hard urban barrier into an elevated, layered vertical park. The master plan reorganizes pedestrian movement, vehicle traffic, energy flow, logistics, landscape, and housing into interconnected yet distinct vertical strata. A new elevated pedestrian system separates walkers from ground-level traffic and links four new towers with the four existing 32-story Bridge Apartments (1961–64) on the east side, weaving the surrounding communities into one continuous park network across the megastructural field.

Computation Breaks the Inherited City Grid

Computation becomes the project's spatial engine, allowing it to move beyond the inherited city grid. A conventional structural raster would impose a rigid orthogonal order on the site, repeating identical bays regardless of the forces, programs, and infrastructures above or below. This project rejects that default condition. Structural points are pulled off the grid and redistributed through three design decisions: creating entrances into the vertical park, aligning with the existing tower structures, and coordinating with the tunnel's lane divisions below to reduce traffic disruption. From these points, a Voronoi system generates cells, platforms, columns, and landscape zones, all coordinated through a unified data-management system in which every element is indexed and parameterized, allowing changes to propagate consistently across scales.

Topography Written as Script

The new ground rises and falls. Platforms shift in height and are connected by walkways, forming a continuous vertical park that climbs from the street to the upper terraces. The automated modeling script generates the platform geometry directly from the indexed point system. By controlling height, function, and structural support for each platform within one script, the project allows the entire landscape topography to be rebuilt automatically whenever a parameter changes, keeping the geometry constructible and the master plan open to iteration.

The Column Carries More Than Load

The columns of the project are far more than load-bearing supports. Built as a hybrid timber–concrete system — concrete trunks, custom slotted steel nodes, and laminated timber branches tied together by a steel perimeter frame — they take on six roles within one branching structural language: standard structural columns, rainwater collection columns, thermo-vent power columns that draw heat and rising air from the tunnel below, gravity-battery columns that store electrical energy through heavy concrete weights, drone-logistics columns that move packages between street and platform, and vertical circulation cores. Color operates both as a landscape index and as a way to identify each column's role within the larger ecological and infrastructural system.

Institution

Columbia Universtiy GSAPP

Location

New York, NY

Date

2026

Team

Yuanfeng Luo & Yunhao Zhong

Role

Site Survey, Concept Design, Master Plan, Generative Logic Development, Voronoi System, Data Management System, Parametric Modeling, Automated Landscape Modeling, Column System Design, Energy Infrastructure (TEG and Gravity Battery), Carbon Calculation, Delivery Hub Design, Existing Tower Retrofit Strategy, Section and Site Plan Drawing, Hybrid Rendering, Diagram Creation

Critic

Studio Instructor: Galia Solomonoff (Advanced Studio VI); Carbon and Energy Component Critic: David Benjamin (Footprint: Carbon and Design, Building Science and Technology Elective)

Recognition

Awarded High Pass

The Column as Long-Term Energy Infrastructure

A central question of the project, developed in parallel under David Benjamin's Footprint: Carbon and Design seminar, asks whether columns can pay back their own embodied carbon by operating as long-term energy infrastructure. The GWBBS tunnels carry continuous bus traffic and produce a substantial amount of waste heat. The thermo-vent power column captures this condition through a chimney channel that accelerates rising air across a thermoelectric (TEG) array and a small wind turbine. Across twenty-nine generating columns, the system produces about 1,044 kWh per day.


The complementary gravity-battery column stores electricity as gravitational potential energy. Each storage column raises and lowers a heavy concrete weight of about 87.6 tons inside its shaft, with a round-trip efficiency near 0.80, an approach referenced from Energy Vault prototypes. Across twenty-six storage columns, daily storage capacity reaches about 151 kWh, roughly fourteen percent of the daily generated total. Most electricity therefore flows directly to the surrounding community, while the storage columns serve as a peak-shaving buffer that responds to the neighborhood's daily load curve.


The system's hypothesis is that higher upfront embodied carbon can be justified when columns operate across many decades as energy infrastructure. The full column system carries about 2,129 tCO₂e of embodied carbon, while displacing grid electricity at New York's intensity of 0.393 kgCO₂e per kWh. The resulting carbon payback period is about 14.6 years. The 1 MW waste-heat assumption is scaled from a measured study of the Glasgow Subway; by the same logic, only about four generating columns would be needed to recover that 1 MW, keeping the design accountable to its own reasoning.


A Forest Where Infrastructure Becomes Visible

At the center of the elevated ground sits a forest-like volume that operates as both delivery hub and public gathering room. A hybrid rendering combines photorealism with technical line work, opening the columns to reveal the systems within them. Visitors entering the vertical park encounter the delivery hub around the perimeter and the public gathering space at the center, framed by a forest-like field of branching columns whose inner workings are made visible through the drawing itself.

Public Life Threaded Through the Full Section

The long section cuts continuously across the renovated mega-structure, registering the different functions distributed throughout the site. The energy system threads through nearly every part of the section, while the delivery hub emerges as the most significant moment within the cut. Engaging Reyner Banham's notion of the megastructure as an adaptive scaffold for renewable inhabitation, the drawing presents the project as a single park system carried through the full vertical depth of the existing infrastructure, occupying every layer from tunnel to sky.

Landscape Composed as a Continuous Painting

At the site scale, following Roberto Burle Marx's idea of landscape as painting, the plan organizes colors, heights, materials, and functions into a single multi-level forest system of hardscape and softscape. The landscape unfolds as a continuous connective tissue, linking the four new towers, the four existing east-side towers, and the elevated park into one neighborhood-scale ecological field.

Housing as a Vertical Extension of the Park

Following the studio's brief to introduce roughly two hundred new housing units along the GWBBS corridor, the new towers use a concrete core as the central structural element, with CLT columns supporting the perimeter — a hybrid timber–concrete strategy aligned with the studio's mass-timber agenda — allowing the facade to remain largely glass. The volumes shift floor by floor to create staggered platforms that respond to the outdoor landscape system. Faceted, diamond-like balconies extend each unit outward, and differently colored platforms correspond to different plants and activities, so the housing reads as a vertical continuation of the elevated park, carrying its planting, light, and social life upward into every floor.

Reconnecting the Bridge Apartments to the Ground

The four existing residential towers on the east side are The Bridge Apartments (1961–64), four 32-story buildings constructed directly atop concrete platforms above the Trans-Manhattan Expressway and home to roughly four thousand residents. Their proximity to highway infrastructure has produced long-standing concerns around noise, air quality, and environmental justice. In response, portions of the towers and their original bases are removed so that they can reconnect with the new ground-level public space and the vertical park system above. A parametric balcony system is then added across these existing facades, generating staggered, multi-faceted balconies that resonate with the geometry of the new towers and tie both old and new residences into the same park network.

Dynamic Points Compose a New Way of Living

At the floor-plate scale, the dynamic and irregular distribution of supports becomes the authorship of a new way of living. Because every cell is distinct, the plan composes differentiated social rooms — community spaces, community gardens, the delivery hub, shared neighborhood rooms — each with its own scale, light, and orientation. Domestic life unfolds within a varied urban tissue, where each room and each path carries a particular character. The lifestyle proposed by the plan is one of difference, encounter, and free choice — a daily life shaped by the richness of possibilities around it.

The Underground Opens as a Second Public Ground

The project opens the space below the new ground as a second public realm — one of its clearest moments of innovation. Carved openings bring natural light down into the lower level, and rainwater collected by the column system is channeled below as water gardens and reflective pools, giving the underground both daylight and the presence of water. The column system continues below as a tree-like and cave-like spatial experience, producing a fresh atmosphere within transit infrastructure and turning the world beneath the slab into a place for dwelling, gathering, and quiet discovery.

The Delivery Hub Imagines a New Urban Lifestyle

The delivery hub is the project's most explicit projection of how people might live in the near future. Located at the center of the elevated ground, it consolidates package handling, drone landing, small-vehicle drop-off, and resident pickup into one public space. Tree-like columns frame the hub and double as drone-logistics shafts that move parcels vertically from the ground level up to the platforms and tower units. Small electric vehicles serve the perimeter, allowing package movement to be fully carried by the elevated infrastructure above the street. The architecture is deliberately forward-looking, picturing an urban daily life in which mobility, delivery, and domestic time are reorganized around a shared public ground.


The hub is also designed as an interface. Digital screens distributed across the columns display real-time drone delivery status, making logistics a legible and celebrated part of public space. Staggered balconies on the surrounding towers are oriented differently so they can also serve as drone delivery nodes, integrating housing, logistics, and landscape into the same elevated system and positioning the delivery hub as a civic room for an emerging urban condition. Here, the project proposes how people might inhabit a city in which logistics, energy, and architecture are increasingly inseparable, and how that condition can be choreographed as a public moment of pride.

Technology in Design Is Also a Political Question

A second rendering captures the delivery hub from outside, looking across the elevated walkways toward the column forest. Drones lift away from the platforms, while the raised paths show how vehicles, pedestrians, and logistics occupy distinct yet visually connected layers. The image situates the hub within the larger context of the bridge approach, showing how the elevated infrastructure mediates between the residential blocks and the high-volume traffic of the bus station below.


The image also opens a larger conversation that the project deliberately invites. Embedding advanced technology — drones, sensors, automated logistics, energy infrastructure — within civic architecture is both a design decision and a political one. Those who command such technologies often hold significant social power, and writing them into the everyday spaces of a city as diverse as New York has real consequences for participation, visibility, access, and belonging. As designers working in a new era of urban intelligence, we believe these technologies should be debated openly, in full public view, alongside the architecture that carries them. The Forest Above opens the stage on which this conversation can take place, treating advanced infrastructure as a civic subject worthy of collective imagination.

Looking Westward in Spring

The final rendering looks westward from the bus station roof toward the George Washington Bridge in spring. The bridge frames the horizon while the multi-colored landscape unfolds across the elevated platforms. The image closes the project through atmosphere alone, showing the infrastructure at its most generous moment.

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